is claimed that 80,000 years ago initiated a human population migrated from eastern Africa to the African continent and then eventually out of Africa, creating different branches or haplogroups.
In human genetics, the haplogroups most commonly studied are Y-chromosome haplogroups (Y-DNA) haplogroups and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which can be used to define genetic populations.
studying the genetic markers present in each population group can be made, some descendants of others, and finally to find the ancestors that gave rise to the human population in the case of mtDNA analysis reaches the so-called Mitochondrial Eve "and in the case of the Y chromosome analysis, the"-Y chromosome Adam. "
is interesting to observe some theories that determine the Asian origins of the two most common haplogroups in Europe, the group R1a and R1b, R1a
is a Y-chromosome haplogroup, subclade of haplogroup R, which is located in a region from Eastern Europe to India, presenting two peaks in each of the extremes in this area: one in Eastern Europe, where densities are more than 50% among the Sorbs, Poles and Ukrainians, and another peak in the Pamir region, which lies between the boundaries of Central Asia with South Asia populations such as Kashmiri Pandits (72%) and Tajikistan ishkashimis (68%). Frequencies are also significant in other areas of Central Asia, reaching Siberia and in Scandinavia, where some carriers, possibly Vikings, spread to Britain. It is believed that the dispersal of this haplogroup is associated with the expansion of Indo-European languages \u200b\u200b(which are spoken by almost half the world population), in particular the expansion of Slavic and Indo-Iranian languages.
The exact point of origin of R1a pattern today is still under debate, but according to the theory of geneticist Stephen Oppenheimer of Oxford University, sets the origin of this haplogroup in southern Asia about 36,000 years , where then would have spread. It is based on the diversity of R1a in Pakistan, northern India and eastern Iran.
Haplogroup R1b is most common among people in Western Europe, especially in the areas closer to the Atlantic Ocean, mainly in Welsh and Basque 89% 88%. Then in the Irish 81%, Northern Portuguese 81%, Catalan 79%, Scottish 77% English 75% Dutch 70%, other 70% English, Belgian, Portuguese 63.0% and 60% south. Found less frequently in Italy (mainland Italy): 40%, 39% Germans, Czechs 35.6%, Sicilians: 24.5%, 25.9% Norwegian, Swedish 20%., Sardinian and Croats 19%: 15.7%. It is also common among people in America due to expansions Europe from the fifteenth century.
At first it was thought that R1b originated in Western Europe where we find the highest frequencies, but now some variants of R1b in the east, makes some geneticists postulate an origin in Central Asia or the Middle East and gives an age of 18500 years.
Sources: Wikipedia, genographic.nationalgeographic.com
Links:
Genographic: Genographic Project is seeking to register a new knowledge about the migratory history of the human species using an advanced analysis computer laboratory and DNA which contribute hundreds of thousands of people around the world.
Kit: Kit Genographic Project Public Participation.
Stephenoppenheimer: Interactive Map theories geneticist Stephen Oppenheimer
